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Charlottesville arborist gets international honor

Rob Springer has been climbing trees his whole life. As an arborist, he’s been doing it professionally for the last 30 years.

A certified arborist with Bartlett Tree Experts, Springer was honored for his work earlier this month by the International Society of Arboriculture. The Stanardsville resident was one of five arborists (including one from Hong Kong) named a True Professional of Arboriculture by the ISA at its annual conference in Portland, Oregon.

Now an elder statesman in the field, Springer was once a wide-eyed Boy Scout with a passion for the woods. In high school, his troop took camping trips led by a forester from the Bureau of Land Management. The forester impressed Springer with his ability to identify trees, even in the middle of winter, and his skill with an axe.

Those trips, even more than the countless hours spent climbing trees as a boy, sparked Springer’s interest in pursuing tree work professionally. He studied forestry in college, but difficulty landing a job in that field led Springer to arboriculture—essentially, the care of trees, from pruning and fertilizing to complicated “tree surgery.”

“Tree work is a hard dollar,” Springer said. “It’s not for everybody, but it’s very rewarding. You feel good at the end of the day and you can see the fruits of your labor.” Every tree and every job is different, he said. “Sometimes we get the opportunity to work on some pretty neat properties.”

And some pretty historic properties.

Springer and his crew once spent two nights, working on cranes by spotlight, removing a large poplar tree beside Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello home. He’s done extensive work at Mount Vernon with trees planted by George Washington himself.

One of those trees was an old ash along the bowling green which Springer made the unpopular decision to remove.

“It looked green and healthy, but the structure was starting to fail,” he said.

Before Springer and his crew could return to Mount Vernon to do the work, a large limb from the tree snapped off and landed on a part of the green where visitors often walk. Luckily, he said, it fell in the middle of the night with no one around.

Danger is inherent in arboriculture. Many jobs involve sharp tools and precarious heights, and safety precautions are a must.

“When you take trees down, there’s a
lot of risk involved, and it’s got to be planned out carefully,” he said. “Gravity never takes a day off. You gotta be thinking, and you gotta be focused on the work you’re doing.”

For veterans like Springer, proper instruction is the name of the game. He conducts workshops and seminars throughout Virginia to share safety information that wasn’t available to him when he was starting out in the ‘80s.

In his first year, Springer broke his ankle in a tree and cut three fingers with a chainsaw.

“Some of us learn from the school of hard knocks,” he said. “You try to take those experiences and share them with others so they don’t make the same mistakes.”

Thirty years and hundreds of trees later, Springer’s still enjoying the ride—or rather, the climb.

“Even though I’m older, I still enjoy climbing trees very much. As a kid, who knew one day somebody would pay me to climb trees?”

Or give him an award for it.

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Green happenings: Charlottesville environmental news and events

Each week, C-VILLE’s Green Scene page takes a look at local environmental news. The section’s bulletin board has information on local green events and keeps you up to date on statewide happenings. Got an event or a tip you’d like to see here and in the paper? Write us at news@c-ville.com.

Acorn ask: The Virginia Department of Forestry is asking residents to help preserve native trees by collecting acorns and seeds from 11 species and delivering them to the nearest VDOF office.

The species they need most are Alleghany Chinkapin, Chinese Chestnut, Hazelnut, Black Oak, Chestnut OakNorthern Red OakPin Oak, Sawtooth OakWhite Oak, Willow Oak, and Black Walnut.

Lawns and urban areas are good places to collect, according to the DOF, because it’s easier to know which trees your seeds and nuts came from. Put the seeds of just one species each in a labeled, non-plastic bag for drop-off. Check out the DOF’s seed and acorn description page for a longer list of trees and how to identify them, and get a full rundown of the collection program here.

Market access: Programs to allow residents to pay for farmers’ market finds with food stamps are expanding, now that the state has acquired a $92,000 federal grant to fund the the installation of more electronic benefit transfer machines at markets throughout Virginia. The grant is part of a $4 million spending program to install more of the machines nationwide.

Meet and eat: On September 3, see Charlottesville farms in action on the Meet Yer Eats Farm Tour. From 10am to 4am you can visit any of the 19 participating farms, which stretch outside Culpeper east to Goochland County, south past Lovingston and west to Afton (check out the map here).

Get more details and buy your pass at the event webpage. And do it early—buy before September 1 and you’ll get a discounted rate of $15.

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Undergrads dive into science at UVA’s Mountain Lake research station

Many undergraduate students aspiring to be full-fledged scientists find themselves facing a roadblock: They’re unable to tackle their own research until their graduate or postgraduate careers begin. But the National Science Foundation’s highly selective Research Experiences for Undergraduates program gives students across the country—including some from UVA—the opportunity to collaborate with mentors and work on their own original projects.

The REU program has sites all over the U.S. and overseas. Now finishing its 20th year, UVA’s Mountain Lake Biological Station in Giles County is not only the nearest one, but also the oldest.

Each year, approximately 10 students are selected from a pool of hundreds of applicants and given a $5,000 stipend to cover the costs of living at the station. During the 10-week program, they collaborate with their mentors, who include graduate students, postdoctoral students, and professors. Half their time is spent working with the mentors on their projects, and the other half on their own original research.

“It’s kind of a capstone research experience for the best and the brightest,” said Butch Brodie, director of the station and a UVA biology professor.

During their time at the station, which sits on Salt Pond Mountain in the Thomas Jefferson National Forest north of Blacksburg, students live and breathe their research. They room together in eight-person cottages, study in two labs, and eat at the on-site dining hall. Because there’s no cell service, there are few distractions. The field station is in a key spot for ecological study, say researchers, because it’s close to the only natural lake in the unglaciated Appalachians, and surrounded by mixed forests, meadows, and other diverse ecosystems.

Rising UVA senior Eric Wice was one of two UVA students accepted into this summer’s Mountain Lake program, which wrapped up at the beginning of August. While there, he studied how female fungus beetles’ egg-laying behavior maximizes the chance their offspring will avoid being cannibalized and survive to adulthood. The program let him strike out on his own and generate data that could lead to a published study, but it also allowed him to get guidance from his mentor, UVA grad student Corlette Wood, who in turn got help from Wice on her own research on wildflower adaptation.

“We put things into action and worked out kinks along the way,” Wice said, which is useful, because in science, “nothing works out as planned perfectly.” The program’s live-here-and-learn-here approach helped foster cooperation, he said. “You get to dine with your professors and learn about them on a first name basis. It’s really informal, which makes it a very conducive and open environment for students to continue their career.”

Janet Steven, a biology professor at Sweet Briar College, also mentored students at the station this summer while studying plant evolutionary biology, and said the program fosters partnership. “I was out there collecting my data while they were collecting their data,” she said. “We all had desks in the same lab so they could ask me questions on what they were working on. It wasn’t as much me telling them what to do as much as it was me being asked questions.”

That kind of interaction was what drew Butch Brodie to Virginia and the job as station director six years ago. His study of evolutionary biology has given him the chance to work in fascinating places. “I’ve worked around the world, literally,” he said. “But I haven’t had a chance to connect my research with the undergraduates. We have a lot of students who are there at UVA, and the REU program is a way to connect the research we do with the science part and the research part.”—Ana Mir

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Young UVA researchers share their labs’ hidden treasures

Tucked away in a chilly corner room in Gilmer Hall are rows of plastic aquariums, each home to a rough-skinned newt with enough toxin in its skin to kill up to 12 grown men. The poisonous amphibians are just one example of research quietly moving forward on Grounds thanks to the work of young, passionate scientists.

Gilmer is also a home away from home for UVA graduate Anna Greenlee and Ph.D. candidate Karen Kubow, who spend their days examining live specimens in the University’s biology department. While their projects may not get much press, the young researchers get a kick out of their work, and think it’s important to share it with the public.

Greenlee, a recent UVA biology grad, has spent most of her summer treating the newts’ water with antibiotics to determine whether the deadly nature of their skin is due to bacteria. Researchers change the water every three days and test fecal samples once a month, looking for a telltale drop in bacteria levels among treated newts, which could bear evolutionary implications for other species.

The work is labor-intensive, Greenlee said, but she loves it. “Both my parents are biologists,” she explained with a shrug. When she was a kid, she played with a microscope instead of video games.

Down the hall, Kubow, who already has an undergraduate and master’s degree in environmental science under her belt, is working toward a Ph.D. in ecology. She recently received a grant to study the American Bellflower, which appears to be in the process of splitting into two separate species. Cross-breeding the two genetically different wildflowers can result in albino offspring, which cannot photosynthesize and immediately die.

Kubow wants to determine which genetic combinations result in healthy hybrids, and regularly checks on her green and white seedlings in the fridge.

Kubow said she loves solving the puzzle of scientific research and answering the ever-present question “Why?”

“The moment when you discover something new, that no one else knows, is every exciting,” she said.

But Kubow said being a young scientist is not always easy. Grants, which are essential in funding academic research, are not always easy to get a hold of, and Kubow said she was relieved when her recent project was approved for funding.

She said she appreciates the recognition her department gets in the academic community, but wouldn’t mind seeing more interest from those who might never have ventured into the bowels of the biology building.

“I have always felt that as scientists we could do a better job of communicating our work to the general public,” she said. “There is always room for improvement.”

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Charlottesville bird club gears up for fall migrations

As summer winds down, Charlottesville bird-lover Peggy Cornett gears up for the fall birding season, a rush of avian activity after the relative lull of June and July. Our sky will fill with migrating birds heading for warmer climates, and Cornett will be here, binoculars in hand, to count their numbers.

“There are some good areas [for bird watching] around Charlottesville and in Crozet and Ivy,” Cornett said. The local birding scene features a diverse range of species, she said, though there’s some concern about habitat degradation.

Even in the city, bird life is fairly abundant. Cornett said she once looked out the window of her Belmont home to see 16 goldfinches by the feeder on her back porch. It’s easy to attract a lot of visitors, she said, “if you provide the right conditions for them.”

Cornett is a board member for the Monticello Bird Club, a “friendly, informal gathering of people who like birds.” The group takes weekend trips to view birds in a variety of habitats—Afton Mountain, the Rivanna River, local farms and forests. Sometimes Monticello birders will take over-
night trips as far as the Bay Bridge Tunnel or the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Next on the schedule: they’ll head to Afton at the end of the month to observe the aerial acrobatics of migrating nighthawks, bug-eaters that often put on spectacular shows as they hunt.

“They fly around, towards dusk, scooping up insects,” said Stauffer Miller, one of the group’s veterans, who often leads expeditions. As program director, he regularly lines up guest speakers for organized meetings. On the second Thursday of each month, speakers lecture on anything from barn owls to butterflies, giving members a broader perspective on local avian life and ecosystems. The meetings, which often draw 60 to 70 people, are set to start up again in September.

Presenters and attendees include a number of experts—professional and amateur —from a professor of field ornithology at Piedmont Virginia Community College to a 17-year-old student who competed in the informal “big year” bird identification contest, plus plenty of hard-core watchers who have traveled around the globe to birding hotspots like Belize.

There are also lots of beginners, said Cornett. The club is novice-friendly, hosting “First Saturday” walks at the beginning of each month for those who just want to enjoy some wildlife.

“We always have newcomers introduce themselves,” she said. “It’s a very welcoming group.”

Cornett doesn’t even consider herself an expert. She was more of a “plant person,” she said, until she looked up from her garden one day and saw a robin flying by.

“Something struck me,” she said, laughing. “I just looked at it in a different way. There was this whole other dimension that captivated me.”

Dave Hogg, a former board member for the club, said birding is a way to “get away and shed the concerns of the busy world where you spend most of your life.”

“It’s a chance to be out in a natural area,” he said. “You get some exercise and you have a peaceful time.

And with over 250 local bird species, Hogg said, Charlottesville is a fine place to do it.

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Environmentalists warn federal bills could threaten public land

In the latest chapter of the debate between resource extraction and conservation, Virginia environmentalists are taking aim at a crop of legislation moving through the U.S. House of Representatives that they say would damage protected wilderness areas in Virginia and around the country.

Advocacy group Environment Virginia held a press event Wednesday at Darden Towe Park to release “Trashing our Treasures: Congressional Assault on the Best of America,” a report taking aim at several Republican-sponsored bills. The event featured members of state environmental groups and local government, who detailed the environmental, social, and economic benefits of preserving wilderness areas and spoke out against the legislation.

Bills cited in the report include the Disposal of Excess Federal Lands Act (HR 1126), which forces the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to sell “excess public lands” to the highest bidder, and the American Lands Act (HR 2588), which requires the BLM and Forest Service to auction off 8 percent of their federal land annually until 2016. This year alone, the bill would result in the sale of nearly 36 million acres of forest and public land, according to the report—“simply landgrabs,” according to Jim Murray of the Virginia Wilderness Committee.

Two bills that would open up protected areas to road building, construction, and logging came under the most fire. Opponents of the Wilderness and Roadless Area Release Act (HR 1581) and the Recreational Fishing and Hunting Heritage and Opportunities Act (HR 2834) said these bills counteract measures in the celebrated Wilderness Act of 1964, which set aside 9million acres to remain untouched by development.

Virginia lands are among those in danger, conservationists warn.

“The wilderness areas in Shenandoah National Park are definitely under threat, as are the two national forests in Virginia,” said David Hannah, conservation director at Wild Virginia. “I feel we should be taking whatever steps necessary to permanently protect these lands.”

“Our wilderness areas are our greatest natural resource,” said Ari Daniels of Charlottesville’s Outdoor Adventure Social Club. “We can pull various fuel sources or short-term money sources, but those are all extremely short-lived. Unfortunately, the wake of the damage that we do there is much harder to undo.”

Republican Congressman Morgan Griffith of Virginia’s Ninth District is a cosponsor of HR 1581. Maggie Seidel, a spokesperson for Griffith, said the bill would only release lands that the BLM deemed as “not suitable for wilderness designation.” The BLM oversees and evaluates 12 million acres of land, called Wilderness Study Areas, and decides whether or not the land should be made off-limits for development. Seidel said 6.7 million acres that didn’t make the cut would be returned to “local land managers, communities, and stakeholders in and around the areas,” who would determine how to use the land.

“Congressman Griffith has been receiving complaints from constituents about being denied access to certain national forest lands,” Seidel said. “In a number of cases, these lands have been accessed and utilized for generations.”

But opponents of the legislation say protected lands have great economic value just as they are. Shenandoah National Park attracts 1.5 million visitors each year, and contributes about $960 million to the state economy.

“Protecting our national parks isn’t just about protecting jobs, it’s about protecting our tourism economy,” said City Councilor Dede Smith. “That’s why it’s so shocking to see this report about these proposed bills that would threaten such an environmentally and economically important resource.”

Despite the sense of urgency from environmentalists, for now, the bills appear unlikely to pass. The website govtrack.us, which tracks and analyzes pending legislation, gave many of these bills a 5 percent or less chance of success. The other legislation targeted by the report was given similarly slim chances of survival.

“Right now, the Senate is shooting down these bills, but that might not stand in the future, depending on who is elected and what agenda they have,” said Kate Dylewsky, co-author of the report. She said passage of these bills, unlikely as it is, would set a “dangerous precedent of big oil companies, mining companies and logging companies, being more important to our country than our wild places.”—Ryan McCrimmon

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Charlottesville chef to spotlight saving salmon habitat

More than 4,000 miles away in Bristol Bay, Alaska, a Canadian mining company has been seeking the go-ahead to create North America’s biggest open-pit mine in a search for gold and copper. But the bay is also the site of the world’s largest sockeye salmon harvest. Forty million of the fish come home to the bay in the crook of the Alaskan Peninsula each year to spawn in their native rivers. The area supplies half the sockeye salmon consumed worldwide and supports 12,000 fishing-related jobs.

That’s why Bryan Szeliga, chef at Orzo Kitchen and Wine Bar Restaurant on West Main Street, is working with more than 50 other restaurants nationwide in a “Savor Bristol Bay” event, in which restaurants serve dishes featuring Bristol Bay salmon in order to open up the conversation and raise awareness about the issue of conservation on the far-off coast.
“Copper affects the way salmon smells, and they smell to get back to their breeding ground,” Szeliga said. Mine wastewater containing traces of copper could end up in the bay, many worry, and threaten the sustainability of the salmon population.

The Environmental Protection Agency is currently working on a Bristol Bay Watershed Assessment to analyze how future mining would affect the area, and a final assessment is set to be released in November.

So why should it matter to Virginians? For starters, the salmon coming out of Bristol Bay is the best nature has to offer, Szeliga said—better tasting and better for you than farmed Atlantic fish. And while eating Bristol Bay sockeye salmon in order to save the fish may seem counterintuitive, the argument has merit, Szeliga said.

“In this case, I believe the expression ‘voting with your fork’ really applies,” Szeliga said. “If people eat Bristol Bay salmon, it’s going to raise awareness. People will be eating a domestic, sustainable, wild product.”

It’s already happening with some seafood products, he said.

“If chefs in Alaska, Portland, and San Francisco are buying soft-shell crab to support the ecosystem in the Chesapeake Bay, we can support our West Coast counterparts,” Szeliga said. “People forget about the effects things have so far away, but it affects so many people and livelihoods.”

Szeliga said if Bristol Bay is mined and the sockeye fish are not available to chefs and consumers anymore, Americans will have to get their wild salmon from even further away—Russia, home to the next largest wild salmon fishery. Importing from overseas would raise more issues about cost and transportation.

Much of the discussion of sustainability in our food systems focuses on eating local. But Szeliga and others are asking people to take a step back, and cast a wider net.

“What is ‘sustainable’ and ‘local?’” he asked. “Is it a state line? One hundred miles? What makes something local, and does that outweigh a livelihood and anthropology?”
Join the movement. Orzo Kitchen and Wine Bar will be serving lunch specials with Bristol Bay salmon from Monday, June 23 through Saturday, June 28.—Ana Mir

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Updated farm bill evokes mixed feelings in Virginia

The locavore craze is spreading, and fast. American agriculture has come under public scrutiny, and more and more people want to know the origin of the food on their plates. Central Virginia’s hunger for food produced sustainably and close to home is fed by scores of nearby farms, but Congress may not be keeping pace with the rapid expansion of the buy-local movement.

Every five years, Congress refocuses the nation’s agricultural policy with a big piece of omnibus legislation known as the Farm Bill. On June 21, the Senate passed the 2012 Agriculture Reform, Food, and Jobs Act in a 64-35 vote. The bill has moved on to the House, where it’s now under consideration.

In certain respects, the Senate’s proposed bill is a triumph for organic farmers. It authorizes the National Organic Certification Cost Share program, which helps farmers pay exorbitant organic certification fees. Under the bill, up to 75 percent of certification costs are subsidized.

The bill also reforms the antiquated crop insurance system that puts organic farmers at a disadvantage. As Priscilla Lin of Environment Virginia explained, “Organic farmers are paying higher premiums for their crop-insurance, however, they’re not getting paid the price of their crops.” The Senate’s bill would remedy this discrepancy. “A really great amendment that was introduced and passed allows them to receive the price at which their crop is grown,” Lin said.

The proposed bill would also expand the Farmers Market Promotion Program, which was instituted in 2008. The program provides funding for farmers markets and promotes the sale of local foods.

“It’s a great program because it allows farmers to sell to local communities,” Lin explained.“It really builds support for local food.” The Senate’s bill devotes $20 million to the program—that’s double the amount that FMPP received in 2008.

Despite these advances, the bill leaves much to be desired. For years, large agribusinesses have benefited from extensive government subsidies, making it difficult for small-scale Virginia farmers to compete. Brian Walden, owner of Steadfast Farm in nearby Red Hill, deems the Senate’s bill “more of the same.”

“There is a local food push, but we’re not organized like [agribusinesses] are, nor funded like they are,” Walden said. “They rely on subsidies as their cash cow. But money doesn’t come free—or it shouldn’t. When it does, you just get lazy, and that’s what’s happened. They’re getting more for their minute of work than anybody else.”

Now, many are anxiously waiting for the House to release its version of the Farm Bill. According to Ms. Lin, Environment Virginia has been urging House leaders “to get moving on the bill and put in more provisions for local farmers.”

Brian Walden, though, is not optimistic.

“The Farm Bill’s no good,” Walden said. “It’s going to take a lot to fix it. And I don’t know who’s motivated to do it. Small farms need help for sure. But it looks like they’re not going to get it from the government.”—Katy Nelson